Bullying And Its Effect On Children - 1640 Words

This website was made to make sure that there is information available to parents, teachers, lawyers and professionals on how to handle bullying, ways to prevent it as well as explaining what bullying is. My stance is that there should be more steps taken to prevent bullying. On this website, a person is able to see what all the types of harassment are. Harassment ranges from sexual, racial, disability to gender. In elementary school, I too went through bullying because of my disability. I know that it can be hard for a student to get through the day when someone is picking on them and distracting them because of something that they can not control. Kids do not realize that the tormenting can make one feel down and not wanting to be in a†¦show more content†¦One can endure these harassments by racial slurs, rumors, jokes that will put the person down, or through attacks or threats of some nature. Harassing conduct includes repeated offensive sexual flirtations, advances or p ropositions, and continued or repeated verbal abuse of a sexual nature. It also includes graphic or degrading verbal comments about an individual or about his/her appearance, the display of sexually suggestive objects or pictures, and any offensive or abusive physical contact (Harassment Bullying Defined, 2017). Acts that cause a student to be unable to perform well in school because of these acts are considered harassment. When the proper steps are taken to prevent this, students will have a higher will to learn and participate in class. Also mentioned is that when a person is bullying someone they are disrupting the operation of the school. I agree with this because when students speak to teachers about the problem, they have to stop the teaching and education that they do to tend to this problem. They should be held responsible for their actions, and in the process, the victim may be able to get back to learning. When things are done to prevent the problem, it’s possible that there will be a positive outcome. School Harassment Policy Talks Continue Bullying and harassment not only affects students, but it also affects adults, parents, and teachers. When decisionsShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Bullying on Children1344 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying in schools is believed to be a normal part of school life, however, when people begin to have this mentality, they forget that bullying is physically and psychologically harmful to both the bully and the victim, therefore, bullying must be eradicated from schools by raising awareness and increasing supervision. The act of bullying or the fear of being bullied underlies almost everything kids do these days. No longer can students leave the gossip and self-doubt at school and go home forRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Bullying is considered to be aggressive behavior that is repeated or has the potential to be repeated, over a period of time. The actions of bullying can include spreading rumors, making threats, verbally or physically attacking someone, or purposely isolating someone from a group. As children attempt to make sense of traumatic events, new behavioral problems can stem from re-experienced occurrences. Some children affected may disassociate themselves from the situations and absorb themselvesRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1476 Words   |  6 Pagesseveral decades, bullying has spread significantly. It has been present all over the world for as long as people can remember. And when technology was released, it created new ways for people to communicate, which made bullying become even worse than before. Adults, teenagers, and children that are all the same are being bullied. Bullying can take form in many different ways, as well as it can affect the victim, and people ar e also able to stop the behavior. THE TYPES OF BULLYING A bullying victim canRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1181 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is unwanted behavior that causes a child to feel isolated and alone. In order for an act to be considered bullying the act has to be, or be able to be repeated multiple times. Bullying can be done verbally by teasing, name-calling, taunting or inappropriate sexual comments directed at someone to purposefully upset them. Bullying can be done socially by isolating students on purpose, telling other students not to play with them, spreading rumors about students or attempting to embarrassRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1528 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bullying can happen anywhere and to anyone whether it is online or in person. It can happen at school, in your neighborhood, or while your on-line. â€Å"Bullying is when someone is being hurt by words or by actions on purpose.† â€Å"Cyberbullying is using technology - internet, email, cell phones, social media, pictures - to hurt or harm someone.† It can have a major effect on the bully and the victim both. But, bullying is not just name calling, it is also teasing, spreading rumors, leavingRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1366 Words   |  6 Pagescausing this behavior. Primary school is an especially tough time for our young ones. If educators are really looking to put an end to bullying, they have to attack it from the root of the problem (Linder-Altman). What a child is wearing will not get them bullied, it depends on the bully. Making uniforms mandatory in efforts to decrease bullying, only teaches our children that the only way to be accepted is by conforming which is not what we should be pushing for. It’s important to attack the problemRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1533 Words   |  7 PagesBullying can happen anywhere and to anyone whether it is online or in person. It can happen at school, in your neighborhood, or while your on-line. â€Å"Bullying is when someone is being hurt by words or by actions on purpose.† â€Å"Cyberbullying is using technology - internet, email, cell phones, social media, pictures - to hurt or harm someone.† It can have a major effect on the bully and the victim both. But, bullying is not just name calling, it is also teasing, spreading rumors, leaving someone outRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children864 Words   |  4 PagesKerianna Rimmer Have you ever been bullied? Have you ever bullied someone? Bullying has become a huge issue. It is occurring all across the world. There are a few different types of bullying, which I will be discussing. First, bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among children. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential of being repeated. Both kids who bully and are bullied may have serious, lasting problems. Bullying is a form of behavior in which someone repeatedly and intentionally causesRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1990 Words   |  8 Pagesmore than 160,000 children miss school out of fear of being bullied, according to National Education Association estimates. Bullying takes many forms, ranging from the seemingly innocuous name-calling to the more harmful cyberbullying to severe physical violence. It happens everywhere, at all times to the most vulnerable of kids, especially those who are obese, gay or have a disability. And besides the physical, emotional and psychological tolls it imposes on victims, bullying produces adverse socioeconomicRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1144 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is found in elementary, middle, and high school all around the world. School bullying occurs at similar rates such as cultures, countries and educational settings. It can take many direct and indirect forms, like physical violence, name calling, taunting, teasing, horrible rumors, and social exclusion. Since the late 90’s, several school shootings committed by the victims of the school bullying have brought media attention to the issue. First, bullying depends upon imbalance of power,

Short-term in vitro Inhibition of Glycogen - 1582 Words

Introduction: Overt type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent form of diabetes, accounting for approximately 90% of the 20.8 million cases in the United States. Unlike type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus is most commonly caused by a defect in insulin action on cells rather than by a defect in the insulin itself1. It has recently been shown that overactivity of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) may be implicated in the impaired insulin action2. Although GSK-3 is a distal element of the insulin signaling pathway (which includes insulin receptor substrate 1 or IRS-1), when it is overactive, this affects both insulin signaling and the removal of glucose from the blood stream by skeletal muscle. Firstly, when†¦show more content†¦In addition, the tyrosine-phosporylated IR and IRS-1 measured using the same method used to assess insulin signaling. Results: 3.1 GSK-3 serine phosphorylation in soleus muscle from lean Zucker and ZDF rats. 3.2 Effects of GSk-3 inhibition in glucose transport activity 3.3 Effects of GSK-3 inhibition on insulin signaling functionality 3.1 GSK-3 serine phosphorylation in soleus muscle from lean Zucker and ZDF rats. In order to evaluate the activity state of GSK-3 in the skeletal muscle of ZDF rats, the phosphorylation of the GSK-3ÃŽ ² Ser9 was measured. This information was then compared to the data obtained from lean Zucker rats. The first test was conducted in the absence of insulin and showed that the GSK-3ÃŽ ² Ser9 phosphorylation of the ZDF rats was significantly less [36%] than that of the lean Zucker rats. The second test performed between the lean Zucker and ZDF rats was identical to the first minus one aspect: the presence of insulin. When given insulin, the phosphorylation of the GSK-3ÃŽ ² Ser9 in ZDF rats was considerably less [35%] than the phosphorylation in lean Zucker rats. These findings were expected because type 2 diabetes lowers an organism’s ability to phosphorylate GSK-3ÃŽ ² Ser9. This lowered ability is inversely related to GSK-3 activity. Thus, the ZDF rats, which have type 2 diabetes, had a higher activity rate of GSK-3 in their skeletal muscles than the lean Zuck er rats. Finally,Show MoreRelatedCognitive Impairment Of Alzheimer s Disease1313 Words   |  6 Pages(Garcia-Osta Alberini, 2009). The microtubule stabilizing protein tau may become hyper-phosphorylated in AD due to the presence of high levels of AÃŽ ². Hoshi et al (1996) showed that AÃŽ ² exposure to rat hippocampal neurons in vitro produced increased levels of the tau kinase GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) which in turn hyper-phosphorylated tau leading to cellular death. (Hoshi et al., 1996) The neurotoxicity of tau may not be produced solely because of GSK-3, but may be due to improper microtubule stabilizationRead MoreMyocardial Infaraction6192 Words   |  25 Pagesoverall and by type. Existing studies have been largely limited by modest sample sizes, limited diversity within the study populations, the use of composite end points that combine disparate outcomes, and the inability to characterize the effect of long-term outpatient medication use on observed trends in inci dence and severity of myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: More contemporary assessments of community-wide changes in the epidemiology of myocardial infarction are needed to help assess the effectivenessRead MoreCell Biology Final Essay30093 Words   |  121 Pagesimmortal cell lines. 54. The growth factor that stimulates fibroblasts to divide around a wound is released by A) other fibroblasts. B) capillary endothelial cells. C) platelets. D) lymphocytes. 55. Robert Hooke first coined the term â€Å"cell† following his observation of the pattern of cell walls in cork with a light microscope. A) True B) False 56. Because the wavelength of electrons is 100,000 times shorter than the wavelength of visible light, the resolution of the electron

Risk Management with Special Reference to Investment Risks Free Essays

Risk in holding securities is generally associated with possibility that realized returns will be less than the returns that were expected. The source of such disappointment is the failure of dividends (interest) or the securities price to materialize as expected. FORCES INFLUENCING INVESTMENT RISKS External Sources of Systematic Risk: In investments, those forces that are external to the firm, uncontrollable and broadly affect large number of securities are called sources of systematic risk. We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Management with Special Reference to Investment Risks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Internal Sources of Unsystematic Risk: Those forces that are internal to the firm, controllable and somewhat peculiar to industries or firms are referred to as sources of unsystematic risk. SYSTEMATIC RISK AND UNSYSTEMATIC RISK Systematic risk refers to that portion of total variability in return caused by factors affecting the prices of all securities. Economic, political, and sociological changes are sources of systematic risk.Their effect is to cause prices of nearly all individual common stocks and/or all individual bonds to move together in the same manner Unsystematic risk is the portion of total risk that is unique to a firm or industry. Factors such as management capability, consumer preferences, and labor strikes cause systematic variability of returns in a firm. WAYS TO MANAGE INVESTMENT RISKS Market Risk Protection The standard deviation and beta indicate the volatility of the stock.The National Stock Exchange News bulletin provides this information. Looking at the beta values, the investor can gauge the risk factor and make wise decision according to his risk tolerance. Protection against Interest Rate Risk The investors can also buy treasury bills and bonds of short maturity. Another suggested solution is to invest in bonds with different maturity dates. Protection against inflation The general opinion is that the bonds or debentures with fixed return cannot solve the problem.If the bond yield is 13 to 15 % with low risk factor, they would provide hedge against the inflation. Protection against Business and Financial risk To guard against the business risk, the investor has to analyse the strength and weakness of the industry to which the company belongs. The financial risk should be minimised by analysing the capital structure of the company. Along with the capital structure analysis,. he should also take into account of the interest payment. How to cite Risk Management with Special Reference to Investment Risks, Papers

International Marketing Democratic Country

Question: Describe about the International Marketing for Democratic Country. Answer: Macro-environment Analysis Political environment The political condition of Singapore is stable and being democratic country, the business in the country in a peaceful manner. However, Recently Singapore has been facing the threat from the terrorist attack. Thus, the business operating in the country might get affected due to the attack. Foreign relations/ trade The free trade agreement that Singapore has signed with Japan, Australia, India and China has been will be beneficial for the import and export of milk. In addition to this, Singapore is also a part of the ASEAN free trade, Singapore-European Free Trade Association (ESFTA) and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GSFTA) (Sites.google.com 2016). Social and cultural environment Singapore is a place where a number of religions exist and prevails with each other. recently, the Muslim religion has started distancing itself from other communities, which might give rise to problems in the business sector. Economic environment In the year, 2016, the economic freedom score in Singapore was 87.8 point, which shows a downfall of 1.6 points. Singapore has been ranked second in the global ranking and the GDP of the country is $452.7 billion (Heritage.org 2016). Technological environment Technologically Singapore is quite strong and hence, it will help the diary industry to import the products in a proper and timely manner from the foreign countries. Agricultural environment The agricultural environment in Singapore is not strong and hence, the dairy industry is not string in Singapore. The agricultural industry contributes less than 10% to the GDP of the country and employs only 1% of the entire population of the country (Commonwealthofnations.org 2016). As a result, the dairy industry is mainly depended on import of the products rather than production in the country. Microenvironment Analysis Product market analysis The consumption of milk is growing at a steep rate in Singapore but the dairy industry is entirely dependent on the import of the products from the United States. The products are mainly distributed with the help of retailing. The products are displayed in the retail chains from where the customers can buy. Some of the companies even operate with the help on online marketing as well. Competitive analysis The competitors present in the dairy industry in Singapore are: Danz marketing Japfa food distributors pte ltd Flexible packaging pte ltd Vega foods Singapore Kuskez pte ltd Takiyah global The similarity of the competitors is that they all have to import the diary products from the foreign lands to operate the business in the country. It has also been seen that the companies who are operating in the market of Singapore are locally based; however, they have based their business on the foreign goods (Companiess.com 2016). 5. Opportunities in Singapore The milk industry in Singapore has recorded a stable growth in the country. The domestic milk industry is focused on the development of the industry by concentrating on production, factories for the processing of the milk and the storage and distribution within the country. Even though, the country has low population of 5.399 million, yet it has high per capita income of USD 355,183 (Euromonitor.com 2016). One of the famous companies that have contributed to the growth of milk industry in Singapore is F F Foods recorded a value share of 27% in the year 2015. F F Foods has a strong sale with its brands like, Nutrisoy, Daisy, Magnolia, Seasons, Pura and Farmhouse. Even though the consumers are more inclined to fat free and skimmed milk, yet the consumers of Singapore has shown different trend of consuming full fat milk. According to the consumers, full fat milks gives a richer taste to coffee and has a taste of its own that cannot be matched by other variants of milk. As Singapore is a part of the Asia Pacific region of the world, hence, the opportunities of growth of the milk industry in Singapore is ample. The Asia Pacific region held a market share of 33% in the global market (Mordorintelligence.com 2016). The number of non-alcoholic drinkers has grown in the Asia Pacific region and hence, the opportunities of the milk industry in Singapore have developed in a significant manner. The demand for infant nutrition has triggered the demand of milk among the consumers in Singapore. The ageing population is also rising in Singapore, which has triggered the consumption of pro-biotic products among the people in Singapore. Thu, it can be seen that the milk industry Singapore is going strong and there is a high chance of further growth of the industry in the country. Threats in Singapore The main problem of the milk industry in Singapore is that it heavily relies on the imports of the milk products excessively from Australia. In addition to this, the import of raw milks is not allowed in the country of Singapore (Dairy Australia 2013). Thus the main threats to the milk industry of Singapore is the threats of high pricing and the threats of diseases that is coming in the country due to the import of the milk. As they are importing the milk from Australia, hence, they have to pay the price as per the Australian currency. There has been a bit of relief due to the free trade agreement and hence, some of the political constraints due to the import and export of milk has reduced a bit. On the other hand, the import of raw milk has given rise to infections due to the foot and mouth diseases among the animals of other countries (Oie.int 2016). Thus, the main threats to the milk industry of Singapore will be faced from biological point of view and the business point of view. References Commonwealthofnations.org,. 2016.Find Agriculture expertise in Singapore.Commonwealthofnations.org. Retrieved 7 October 2016, from https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/sectors-singapore/business/agriculture/ Companiess.com, 2016.List of Global Dairy Companies in Singapore. [online] Companiess.com. Available at: https://www.companiess.com/singapore_dairy_product.html [Accessed 13 Oct. 2016]. Dairy Australia, 2013.Dairy 2013 Situation and Outlook. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.dairyaustralia.com.au/~/media/documents/stats%20and%20markets/s%20and%20o/may%202013/dairy%20situation%20and%20outlook%20may%202013%20-%20full%20report.pdf [Accessed 13 Oct. 2016]. Euromonitor.com, 2016.Dairy in Singapore. [online] Euromonitor.com. Available at: https://www.euromonitor.com/dairy-in-singapore/report [Accessed 13 Oct. 2016]. Heritage.org,. 2016.Singapore Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption.Heritage.org. Retrieved 7 October 2016, from https://www.heritage.org/index/country/singapore Mordorintelligence.com, 2016.Singapore's UHT Milk Industry Growth | Opportunities and Upcoming Projects |. [online] Mordorintelligence.com. Available at: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/market-entry-uht-milk-industry-in-singapore [Accessed 13 Oct. 2016]. Oie.int, 2016.List of FMD free Members: OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health. [online] Oie.int. Available at: https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/fmd/list-of-fmd-free-members/ [Accessed 13 Oct. 2016]. Sites.google.com,. 2016.Political and Legal Environment - Onward Singapore.Sites.google.com. Retrieved 7 October 2016, from https://sites.google.com/site/onwardsingapore/political-and-legal

Draft 3 Pg 1 Essays - Military Personnel, , Term Papers

Draft 3 Pg 1 Jackson and Longstreet: Leading Men of the CSA Through the actions of Thomas J. ?Stonewall? Jackson and James Longstreet, two of the most distinguished generals in the Civil War, the Confederate States of America benefited greatly. These two men battled greatly at Lee's side and were capable leaders. Although they both fought much with Robert E. Lee and with each other and were both strategical and tactical geniuses, they had different ways of fighting. Jackson and Longstreet fought much along Robert E. Lee's side and with each other. Stonewall fought with Lee in the Rappahannock Campaign, at Chancellorsville, along with many other battles (Encarta). After Jackson lost his arm from a bullet wound, Lee said, ?he has lost his left arm, but I have lost my right,? (Southall, 94). Longstreet fought with Lee in the Peninsular Campaign, at Gettysburg, at the Seven Days' Battle, and in other confrontations (Bowman, 86). These men fought alongside each other at the First Bull Run, Second Bull Run, and at the Battle of Antietam (Bowman, 89). This conjunction in battle won many victories for the Confederacy. Two of the most tactical generals in the Rebel army, Thomas Jackson and James Longstreet planned and acted upon great schemes of action. When Draft 3 Pg 2 planning the Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1862, Jackson first showed his military intuition (Encarta). His strategy involved attacking forces in the valley to diverge reinforcements to the Virginia peninsula, where Longstreet and Lee were fighting at the time (Southall, 82). When fighting at Chancellorsville, Stonewall led his troops around the right flank of the Union troops and dominated the corps there (Bowman, 79). He once said, ?Always mystify, mislead, and surprise the enemy,? (Encarta). Longstreet had come to believe in the strategic offense and tactical defense, and opposed Lee's plan of attack on Gettysburg (Southall, 107). He was proven correct after the invasion was repelled and the Rebels lost the turning point of the Civil War. He also helped plan other attacks throughout the war. These plans of action aided the South in winning many battles. Although they were somewhat similar, Jackson and Longstreet fought differently. Stonewall fought independently well, as he led his troops alone at Harper's Ferry, Cross Keys, and at Port Republic (Bowman, 95). He also rallied his troops well and put harsh discipline upon his soldiers (Southall, 120). When Longstreet was dispatched alone to Tennessee, he displayed a lack of ability (Bowman, 90). When working with other leaders Longstreet succeeded (Encarta). But later he became assertive in his views and criticized other officers, such as Bragg at Chickamauga for not taking advantage of his victory, but did not take action himself (Southall, 146). Although both were capable soldiers and leaders, Jackson fought independently better and led his troops substantially. Draft 3 Pg 3 Stonewall Jackson and James Longstreet were two of the greatest generals in American history. Their similarities and differences were both small and large, and they distinguished them as excellent military leaders. They fought along Lee and each other, were great strategical and tactical leaders, but fought differently, helping the Confederacy win many battles.

The Football World Cup The WritePass Journal

The Football World Cup The Football World Cup .   The introduction of the Internet, ever-increasing wages and transfer fees for players, the Bosman ruling, increased media coverage of games, footballers gaining celebrity status have all changed the game in some way.   Similarly, stars such as David Beckham and Wayne Rooney are known just as much for what they do off the pitch as they are for what they do on it.   Hence, they are also not allowed to be just a working class lad.   They have to be spectacularised as much as the game itself. Spectacularisation therefore is defined by Macionis and Plummer (2007) as a kind of ‘mediated simulacrum’ by which everyone is watching the same event where everything is blown up to Widescreen proportions (Macionis and Plummer: 2008: 84)beyond reality to hyperreality.   The concept of a mediated simulacrum comes from the ideas of the literary critic Jean Baudrillard who maintained that the media image as seen on the television and the Internet is this ‘mediated simulacrum’. Topor (2010), citing Baudrillard, states that: The media itself is therefore responsible for this breakdown of reality since it only provides us with simulated events and communications. As long as there is media, there will exist a simulation and reproduction of signs that constitute reality.   The relation of media to simulation is an investigation into the idea of unknowable reality (Topor: 2002: no page number given). In   terms of blowing up from reality to hyperreality   it could be argued that the propaganda of the Italian government on the run-up to the 1934 World Cup helped maintain public excitement in the upcoming event.   According to Gordon and London (2007), wireless ownership in Italy was low compared to other countries but people often listened to the radio collectively in public places (Tomlinson and Young: 2008: 46). Moreover, they were often listening to sports programmes.   However, according to Gordon and London (2007), citing Ricanatesi:1978): The rapid acceleration of state initiatives in radio, from the early 1930’s, coincided with the build up to the World Cup, and the role of radio in football was immeasurably enhanced following the debut in 1933 of commentator Niccolo Carosio, whose florid, creative and decidedly non-technical broadcasts..Radio sales saw a spurt for the World Cup (Tomlinson and Young: 2007: 46) Even though the audience would not have been the same in terms of size and the technology used would only have been the radio broadcast to a select few who had wirelesses, the effect of making the real into hyper-reality would have been the same. As mentioned above by Whannel (1992), part of the spectacularisation of football has been the removal of the maximum wage as well as an increase in transfer fees paid from one club to another.   In terms of the professionalization of players it is also only part of the story.   Indeed, players now command huge weekly wages and transfer fees which have become increasingly larger over the decades.   To put things in perspective, Nottingham Forest paid out  £1 million for Trevor Francis in 1980 and this was considered to be the most expensive transfer ever.   He became the first ‘million pound player’ in the world.   In 2010, Real Madrid paid out  £100 million pounds for Cristiano Ronaldo.   Both of these transfers are put into perspective when it is considered that all of the 1930 World Cup team had other jobs as well as being international football players (Lisi: 2008: 8). As well as this, players are now members of professional bodies (like the PFA in England or even the FA) and as such they are subject to rules of conduct and behaviour in much the same way as other professions are.   In this way, they are more socially controlled.   According to Macionis and Plummer (2007) professionalization means that: Sports are not just played. Now they have ‘elite groups’-the professional organizations which mark both standards (and boundaries) of skill. Sports are socially controlled and regulated (Macionis and Plummer:   2007:84). Postmodernised sport, as defined by Macionis and Plummer (2008: 84), represents a splintering and increase of the amount of sports played.   It also represents differing groups playing their own versions of a sporting event (‘Gay Olympics’, Paralympics).   However, the part of the definition as put forward by Macionis and Plummer (2008: 84), is the idea that the World Cup is becoming ‘more and more a media event’.   Obviously, this is also connected to all of the other aspects of how the World Cup has changed.   Commercialisation and consumption have made it possible for the World Cup to be more visible to more people by providing the revenue as well as the means to do so.   Globalisation has been made possible by the technology used to beam the events into every country throughout the world.   Spectacularisation has meant that world events like the World Cup are not just covered by the media.   They are heightened from reality to hyper-reality by means of HD televisions and interactivity through the Internet.   In this way, postmodernisation or the process of postmodernism can be explained. Roughly interpreted, postmodernism is not actually easy to define but the clearest definition is: Postmodernism is largely a reaction to the assumed certainty of scientific , or objective, efforts   to explain reality.   In essence, it stems from a recognition that reality is not simply mirrored in human understanding of it, but rather, is constructed as the mind tries to understand its own particular and personal reality (www.pbs.org/faithandreason/gengloss/postm-body.html) So in the case of the ‘postmodernisation’ of football and the World Cup in particular it is the way in which football has been etched onto the public consciousness by repeated images (Electronic, printed and broadcast)that has made the World Cup a postmodernised concept. Conclusion This is obviously as far removed from the World Cup’s early beginnings at it could possibly be.   However, the seeds were already being sown especially in light of the efforts made by the Italian government on the run-up to 1934 to enhance the experience of the Italian public of what was rapidly becoming their national sport. Since that time the World Cup has become an international event which has seen many things happen and has made sure that these events have been broadcast to the viewing public (though in the case of the shooting of the Colombian player in 1994 that was not the case). The goal-that-never-was in the 1966 World Cup final, Pele,   Banks’ save in 1970, The Hand of God incident in 1986, the penalty shootouts in 1990; the list could go on and on.   However, they have all been written into the public consciousness by an ever-increasingly knowing publicity machine which now uses a combination of media coverage and merchandising to get its point across. In turn , the World Cup has come to represent each nation’s feelings and aspirations about itself.   Political events which have remained in the background of events on the field have shown themselves in the way that rivalries have been maintained, victories have been celebrated and defeats have been commiserated.   This fact has been true ever since the first World Cup but has been accentuated by the increase in technology and the amount of distance covered by electronic signals to bring these projected images into the lounges and bars of the worldwide population. Reference List Critcher, C, (1979), ‘Football since the War’ IN: Clarke, C, Critcher, C and Johnson, R (Eds.), ‘Working Class Culture, Hutchinson, London Gordon, R, and London, J (2006), ‘Chapter 3: Italy 1934: Football and Fascism’,IN: Tomlinson A and Young, C (eds.) (2006) ‘National Identity and Global Sports Events: Culture, Politics and Spectacle in the Olympics and the Football World Cup’, State University of New York Press, State University of New York, Albany NY   USA Lisi, CA, (2011), ‘A History of the World Cup 1930-2010’, Scarecrow Press, Maryland, USA Macionis, JJ, and Plummer, K (2007), ‘Sociology: A Global Introduction’, Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, England Topor, J (2002), ‘Simulation, simulacrum, definition of’, Available at www.csmt.uchicago.edu/glossary2004/simulationsimulacrum2.htm Whannel, G, (1992), ‘Media Sports Stars: Masculinities and Moralities, Routledge Press, London Dictionary.com, ‘consumption’ Available at www.dictionary.com Definition of postmodernism available at www.pbs.org/faithandreason/gengloss/postm-body.html, no author given

Violence and Victimization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Violence and Victimization - Essay Example The frequency of occurrence of such instances is dependent on various factors. Such factors form the basis for the argument that proposes social causes to violent behavior. It may be argued that people whose parents demonstrated violent behavior are more likely to be violent as compared to those whose parents were more peaceful (Besemer, 2014). That may lead to a linkage of such behavior to biological traits. However, a closer study may reveal other factors that result in such connection between the parents and their offspring. Human beings are social beings, and therefore tend to learn and adapt to different environments. Socialization thus brings out different traits in them. One can, therefore, draw conclusions as to the correlation between violent behavior and social structures (Laland and Brown, 2011). For instance, for those cases where the violent acts of someone have led to a linkage to the violent acts of the parents, it may be possible to establish social causes to such a link. It may be that the person may have experienced violence in their childhood, which affects their actions causing them to be violent. Studies indicate that children from abusive families tend to be more abusive as they grow (Besemer, 2014). Also, those exposed to violence in their childhood end up with violent tendencies in their later years. That is because they develop a form of retaliation to adversity and based on their past, this turns out to be violence. Another important social factor to violent behavior is the relationship a mother has with her child. Where there exists a poor mother-child relationship, chances are that the child may develop violent tendencies in future (Besemer, 2014). That may be because the child may experience frequent punishment from the mother as a result of the anxious attachment between them. Apart from such maternal punitiveness and paternal inattentiveness, other social factors among peers also